Parting Words: Traveler come. Enter under my leaves for a rest.

As my six weeks in Poland come to an end, I return to a country that has elected a convicted felon, misogynist, and xenophobe who lacks understanding of and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution. Sadly, Donald J. Trump “missed the lecture” on constitutional separation of powers while at Wharton.  I return to a country — that my Polish family and friends remind me — has its own complicated history of genocide against Native Americans and enslavement of Black people. And now, we’ve, again, elected an authoritarian.

I leave my beloved “second home” with its deep, rich, and, yes, complex history in Central Europe. If only Poland had been gifted with a peaceful spot on the world’s stage, like an isolated island somewhere in the Pacific. If only Poland had been spared aggressive neighbors seeking to subsume its land, its culture, and its people. The impacts endure, shaping the collective psyche.

This has been a treasured time of observing, connecting, and sampling from a vast menu of human experiences. I offer a few reflections below.

Observing:  My “Little Ones” this year were five, six and seven. What was different after two previous autumns of volunteering with Ukrainian children displaced to Poland by the Russian invasion? These children are now tri- or quadri-lingual, speaking Ukrainian, Russian (as was often spoken in Eastern Ukraine), Polish, and English. Beautiful Mia with the long brown hair and shy eyes found courage to speak up to help her classmates, translating for them in Ukrainian, when they didn’t understand a question in English. I will NEVER FORGET the little boy who remembered he was “from Ukraine” but has NO MEMORY of living there. This is what the war has taken from countless Ukrainian children whose fathers remain across the border, defending their homeland from Putin.

Connecting: I’m grateful to my cousin, Adam, for showing me our grandmother Ludwika’s Autograph Book, dating from World War I. This was a time when her Polish brothers were drafted to serve in the Austro-Hungarian Army in Serbia and Italy, while she and her mother were evacuated from Jaroslaw to Graz because of dangerous proximity to the Eastern Front. Reading entries with devotions to friendship in flowery script reminded me that my grandmother was once young and full of dreams. Elzbieta, writing on May 28, 1917, penned that my grandmother was a beloved friend possessing “countless dear hearts.”  How could grandmother have foreseen that war would return in twenty years? WWII took her freedom, her safety, her home, her three eldest children to the Reich as forced laborers, and her infant son who died of starvation. And yet, these losses did not break her spirit — she maintained her signature feistiness. 

Sampling:  You might think this is about food. Spending time in Poland is more about sampling the culture and taking the political temperature to the extent my language skills allow. I attended a Rosh Hashanah celebration at Krakow’s Jewish Community Center where friends introduced me to Sarah, the rabbi’s wife. She and her family relocated to Poland from Israel. She said that people in Israel questioned their decision to move to Poland. She told me, “We feel safe here. There is a growing community here with so many families and children.” I also attended a Palestinian Film Festival to see Basel Adra’s No Other Land. The cinema was filled to capacity for the screening and post-film discussion. Watching documentary footage of West Bank Palestinian homes destroyed by bulldozers was a visual gut punch. Learning from past experience, I proactively purchased tickets to weekly Poetry Salons at Teatr Stary (The Old Theater). These sold-out poetry recitations by professional actors and/or theater students feature dramatic interpretations of Poland’s best bards. A phrase that will remain with me is from Jan Kochanowski’s (1530-1584) poem Na Lipę (The Linden Tree): “Gościu, siądź pod mym liściem, a odpoczni sobie.” “Traveler, come. Enter under my leaves for a rest.”

I arrived in Poland when leaves were just beginning their slow transformation to autumn hues. Greens shifted to deep reds of macintosh apples and shimmering golds of sunsets on the Vistula. This morning, bronze leaves crunched underfoot as I made my way from my flat to a favored writing space on Bracka Street. I leave tomorrow, my heart filled with gratitude for this time, these people, this place. 

I am gathering my hopes like so many shells from Poland’s Jelitkowo Beach on the Baltic, mustering courage for what lies ahead. I pray for a just peace in Ukraine. I pray for a just peace in the Middle East. I pray for a just United States. I pray for a just world.

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Migration: Here, There, Everywhere

The April 4, 1949 edition of the Boston Daily Globe printed a small article on page seven: “D.P. Ship Here Tomorrow Morning.” My father, Mieczyslaw Bielawa, a survivor of inhumane Nazi forced labor camps, was on board. He was taken from his family by the Germans when he was sixteen, liberated by Americans at twenty, and arrived in Boston at twenty-four following a stint working for the American military in postwar occupied Germany. 

Dad made the two-week, transatlantic crossing from Bremerhaven, Germany, aboard the Marine Flasher. The ship carried 543 war survivors, mostly from Eastern Europe, who awaited a new and uncertain future in the West after their homelands fell to communism. Some Americans welcomed and helped the refugees find their footing. Others opposed the influx. Worse yet, some turned DP (Displaced Person) into a slur. My father was called this on more than one occasion when he settled in Peabody, Massachusetts. He was told to “Go home” even though shifted borders meant “home” no longer existed.

I carry this story in my heart as I read about Europe’s migrant crisis. The sheer volume of migrants seeking refuge — from political instability, war, and the ravages of climate change — presses up against the borders of the European Union with increasing intensity. We read about the tragedies at sea of overloaded, unsteady boats trying to reach Europe from Africa. Desperate migrants attempt to swim from “The Jungle” in Calais, France — a former landfill turned into a migrant encampment — across the English Channel.

And what are we seeing? England proposed an ill-fated plan to relocate migrants to Rwanda amid a surge in right-wing, anti-immigrant rancor. Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni launched an effort to divert migrants to Albania and was overruled by the Italian judiciary. Ireland’s Ross Lake House Hostel in Rosscahill, County Galway, was torched by arsonists in December 2023 as it was being renovated to house seventy asylum seekers. Denmark is, literally, DEMOLISHING affordable housing estates to dismantle so-called “parallel societies”—ethnic enclaves where immigrants are not learning Danish and are not engaging in Danish society.  France’s recently re-elected government, in a nod to a burgeoning far-right, agreed to target illegal immigration. Germany reintroduced document checks at all land crossings with Poland in October 2023. Disaffected youth from migrant communities are readily accessible targets for  those seeking to radicalize them. What matters if you think you have nothing to lose?

Russia and Belarus are pariahs in the neighborhood that is Europe. They conspire to destabilize the EU via espionage, economics, social media and, sadly, exploitation of the global migrant crisis. Finland’s and Poland’s national borders with Russia and Belarus carry the added responsibility of being EU access points. Russia and Belarus are exploiting migrants in an attempt to undermine border security with human beings.

Finland, an EU member since 1995 and a NATO member since 2023, shares an 830-mile border with Russia. Finland accused Russia of weaponizing migration by luring migrants, largely from the Middle East and Africa, to Russia and then transporting them to the Finnish border to attempt illegal crossings. Russia drives them towards the border and provides bicycles for the last leg. Finland’s Parliament took an extraordinary and questionable step: They passed a law on July 12, 2024, closing all border crossings with Russia and temporarily suspending asylum requests. Human rights activists sounded the alarm. The border remains closed.

Poland, an EU member since 2004 and a NATO member since 1999, shares a 258-mile border with Belarus. Poland accused Belarus of engaging in hybrid warfare at the expense of desperate migrants. Belarus’ Belavia Airlines partnered with Turkish Airlines to increase flights from Istanbul to Minsk from where migrants were bussed to the Polish border. The Turkish government originally denied complicity; they have since begun cooperating with Poland to limit such flights. Poland’s centrist Prime Minister Donald Tusk, recently announced that Poland—taking a page from Finland’s playbook—intends to temporarily suspend asylum requests with a plan to create integration centers across the country and further fortify the border to discourage those who would seek illegal entry. Poland currently hosts approximately 1,000,000 Ukrainian war refugees and can apply lessons learned from integration efforts.

“Pushbacks”—harmful, deadly and inhumane—occur at the Russian-Finnish and Belarus-Polish Borders. Russian and Belarusian border guards literally “push” migrants toward the Finnish and Polish borders. Finnish and Polish border guards literally “push” migrants back. This back and forth is demoralizing and dangerous. Some humanitarian aid reaches migrants via volunteers as in the case of Poland’s Grupa Granica  (https://www.facebook.com/grupagranica/?locale=pl_PL). Agnieszka Holland’s film Green Border (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/green_border) is a difficult but important film. It pains me to think of humans treated in this way. I am reminded of my own country’s legacy of slavery of inhumane treatment of Native Americans and Black people. 

My mind returns to that refugee ship that arrived in Boston in 1949. Massachusetts prides itself on a perceived history of liberal values. The state enacted our nation’s first “right to shelter” law in 1983, guaranteeing shelter for all homeless families and pregnant women. 

Texas Governor Greg Abbott, embracing a variation on Russian and Belarusian tactics, flew approximately 50 migrants to Martha’s Vineyard in May 2022 depositing them, unannounced, at the airport. The community rallied around the group. 

More immigrants began arriving in Massachusetts, with one-way travel paid for by the states of Texas and Florida. Public sentiment has since shifted. The international arrivals hall at Boston’s Logan Airport became an impromptu shelter for migrants until it was disbanded in July 2024. Massachusetts’ Democratic Governor Maura Healey dispatched representatives to the U.S.-Mexico Border to convey the message that the states’ emergency shelter system is at capacity. The Boston Globe reported on the impact on public schools as more ESL teachers and supports are needed. 

Anti-immigrant rhetoric in the U.S. is fueled by increasing economic disparity. Tensions are rising as some in Massachusetts raise the nativist flag asking why new arrivals are housed while so many locals remain homeless. Donald Trump and JD Vance disperse the embers of this vitriol to fuel raging fires along the campaign trail across the country.

As the child of refugees, my knee-jerk reaction has always been to support immigrants. As a thinking person, I realize the unsustainability of current responses. Humans with hopes, dreams and aspirations like you and me are suffering. This prompted me to research possible, evidence-based solutions to tackle poverty on a country-by-country level.

The United Nations 17 Sustainability Goals offer a blueprint with opportunities to advance this initiative:

End PovertyClean and Affordable EnergyClimate Action
End HungerDecent Work and Economic GrowthLife Below Water
HealthcareIndustry, Innovation and InfrastructureLife on Land
EducationReduced InequalityPeace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Gender EqualitySustainable CommunitiesPartnerships
Clean WaterResponsible Consumption and Production

You can read the full report here: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

The question remains: Do we have the COLLECTIVE WILL to make the necessary sacrifices and investments to achieve these goals? I certainly hope so.

Sources and to learn more:

https://freshfrompoland.com/project/gapinski-kubiak-jungle

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-33584706

https://nonprofitquarterly.org/massachusetts-governor-halts-decades-old-right-to-shelter-for-homeless-families/

https://apnews.com/article/france-migrants-government-barnier-macron-far-right-3242a5dbf366bb7fbc7ba050700c9571

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/12/finland-passes-law-to-block-asylum-seekers-crossing-from-russia

https://anfenglishmobile.com/news/eu-migrants-transported-from-istanbul-to-minsk-in-cooperation-with-turkish-airlines-56153

https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-donald-tusk-asylum-right-border-migration-belarus-russia-hybrid-war-eu/

https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/09/us/boston-logan-airport-migrants-cec/index.html

https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/10/24/metro/massachusetts-west-springfield-school-migrants-immigration/?p1=BGSearch_Advanced_Results

https://www.bostonglobe.com/2024/08/15/metro/saugus-migrant-students-warning/?p1=BGSearch_Advanced_Results
Image:  https://sousamendesfoundation.org/ships/marine-flasher

I invite you to follow my blog: https://presenttime.blog